研究课题：饮用咖啡与Ⅱ型糖尿病风险的关系
研究课题：饮用咖啡与Ⅱ型糖尿病风险的关系
供稿：哈佛公共卫生学院，Channing 实验室，哈佛医学院，Brigham妇科医院，波士顿
主要内容：背景：以往的小型短期实验证实，急性使用咖啡因可以降低胰岛素的敏感性，改善糖耐量。目的：进一步观察长期饮用咖啡或类似饮料，与引发Ⅱ型糖尿病之间的关系。模式：护士指导下的公共卫生研究，随后由公共卫生专家进行随访。参与人员：从1986年到1998年随访了41934位男性，从1980-1998年随访了84276位女性。这些人无基础性心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症。测量方法：每隔2-4年用认证的问卷调查方式，评估咖啡摄入量。结果：共发现1333例男性，4085例女性 Ⅱ型糖尿病。用年龄、体重指数和其他危险因素纠正后，作者发现咖啡摄入量与Ⅱ型糖尿病风险之间呈反相关。根据日常咖啡消耗量（0, <1, 1 -3, 4 - 5, ≥6 杯/天）不同，男性发生糖尿病的多因子相关风险指数分别为1.00, 0.98, 0.93, 0.71, 和 0.46 （95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82; P = 0.007），对女性而言，发生糖尿病的多因子相关风险指数分别为1.00, 1.16, 0.99, 0.70, 和 0.71 (CI, 0.56- 0.89; P < 0.001 )。对照不饮用咖啡的人，每天饮用4杯以上的脱咖啡因咖啡，发生糖尿病的多因子相关风险指数男性为0.74 （CI, 0.48 - 1.12），女性为0.85 （CI, 0.61 - 1.17）。所以无论男性还是女性，来自咖啡或其他饮食的咖啡因摄入量都与糖尿病风险明显降低之间有关联。
结论：数据提示长期饮用咖啡可降低患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险。
Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jan 6;140(1):I17
Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
BACKGROUND: In small, short-term studies, acute administration of caffeine decreases insulin sensitivity and impairs glucose tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term relationship between consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors followed 41 934 men from 1986 to 1998 and 84 276 women from 1980 to 1998. These participants did not have diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Coffee consumption was assessed every 2 to 4 years through validated questionnaires. RESULTS: The authors documented 1333 new cases of type 2 diabetes in men and 4085 new cases in women. The authors found an inverse association between coffee intake and type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other risk factors. The multivariate relative risks for diabetes according to regular coffee consumption categories (0, <1, 1 to 3, 4 to 5, or > or =6 cups per day) in men were 1.00, 0.98, 0.93, 0.71, and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82; P = 0.007 for trend), respectively. The corresponding multivariate relative risks in women were 1.00, 1.16, 0.99, 0.70, and 0.71 (CI, 0.56 to 0.89; P < 0.001 for trend), respectively. For decaffeinated coffee, the multivariate relative risks comparing persons who drank 4 cups or more per day with nondrinkers were 0.74 (CI, 0.48 to 1.12) for men and 0.85 (CI, 0.61 to 1.17) for women. Total caffeine intake from coffee and other sources was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for diabetes in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk for type 2 diabetes.
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