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Plain soap as effective as antibacterial but without the risk
普通香皂与抗菌香皂效果相同，并且没有风险
Aug. 15, 2007
2007.8.15
ANN ARBOR, Mich.—Antibacterial soaps show no health benefits over plain soaps and, in fact, may render some common antibiotics less effective, says a University of Michigan public health professor.
密西根州，安拉伯－据密西根大学一公共卫生学教授透露，抗菌药皂非但不比普通香皂更有利于身体健康，还有可能使某些常用的抗生素疗效降低。
In the first known comprehensive analysis of whether antibacterial soaps work better than plain soaps, Allison Aiello of the U-M School of Public Health and her team found that washing hands with an antibacterial soap was no more effective in preventing infectious illness than plain soap. Moreover, antibacterial soaps at formulations sold to the public do not remove any more bacteria from the hands during washing than plain soaps.
在第一次关于“是否抗菌药皂比普通香皂更能有效抗菌”的广泛研究中，密西根大学公共卫生学院的Allison Aiello和她的研究小组发现，使用抗菌药皂洗手并不能比使用普通香皂更有效预防传染性疾病，也不能更有效除菌。
Because of the way the main active ingredient—triclosan—in many antibacterial soaps reacts in the cells, it may cause some bacteria to become resistant to commonly used drugs such as amoxicillin, the researchers say. These changes have not been detected at the population level, but e-coli bacteria bugs adapted in lab experiments showed resistance when exposed to as much as 0.1 percent wt/vol triclosan soap.
研究人员称，很多抗菌药皂的主要有效成分是三氯森，它在细胞中的作用机制可能会导致某些微生物对人们常用的抗生素，例如阿莫西林，产生耐药性。目前，这种改变（产生耐药性）还没有在细菌的群体水平得到证实，但是，当将实验室常用的大肠杆菌暴露在质量体积比为0.1％的三氯森香皂环境中时，大肠杆菌产生了耐药性。
"What we are saying is that these e-coli could survive in the concentrations that we use in our (consumer formulated) antibacterial soaps," Aiello said. "What it means for consumers is that we need to be aware of what's in the products. The soaps containing triclosan used in the community setting are no more effective than plain soap at preventing infectious illness symptoms, as well as reducing bacteria on the hands."
Aiello说：“也就是说，这些大肠杆菌在我们（消费者）日常使用的抗菌药皂浓度下能够存活。这说明，对于消费者来说，我们应该意识到我们使用的产品含有哪些成分。我们常用的含三氯森的抗菌药皂在预防传染性疾病上并不比普通香皂更有效，也不能显著减少手上的细菌。”
The study, "Consumer Antibacterial Soaps: Effective or Just Risky?" appears in the August edition of Clinical Infectious Diseases. The team looked at 27 studies conducted between 1980 and 2006, and found that soaps containing triclosan within the range of concentrations commonly used in the community setting (0.1 to 0.45 percent wt/vol) were no more effective than plain soaps. Triclosan is used in higher concentrations in hospitals and other clinical settings, and may be more effective at reducing illness and bacteria.
《Clinical Infectious Diseases》8月版刊登了关于“抗菌药皂：有效果还是有风险？”的研究结果。研究小组调查了从1980到2006年间的27项相关研究。他们发现，人们日常使用的抗菌药皂（三氯森浓度为质量体积比0.1～0.45％）不比普通香皂有效，在医院和其他临床环境中使用的较高浓度的三氯森才能有效预防疾病和去除微生物。
Triclosan works by targeting a biochemical pathway in the bacteria that allows the bacteria to keep its cell wall intact. Because of the way triclosan kills the bacteria, mutations can happen at the targeted site. Aiello says a mutation could mean that the triclosan can no longer get to the target site to kill the bacteria because the bacteria and the pathway have changed form.
三氯森作用于保持细菌细胞壁完整的生化通路上，这种作用机制很可能导致细菌中三氯森作用的靶位点发生基因突变。Aiello说，这种突变会使细菌和这条通路发生改变，因此三氯森就不能再结合到靶位点上发挥杀菌作用。
The analysis concludes that government regulators should evaluate antibacterial product claims and advertising, and further studies are encouraged. The FDA does not formally regulate the levels of triclosan used in consumer products.
研究结果说明，政府有责任对抗菌产品宣称的功效进行评估，并应鼓励开展进一步研究。目前，FDA还没有出台有关消费产品中三氯森含量的正式规定。
Other antiseptic products on the market contain different active ingredients, such as the alcohol in hand sanitizers or the bleach in some antibacterial household cleaners. Aiello's team did not study those products and those ingredients are not at issue.
市场上的其他抗菌产品含有不同的有效成分，如常用的卫生消毒剂中的乙醇和家庭清洁消毒中的漂白粉等，目前，Aiello研究小组还没有对这些产品和成分展开调查。
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